R-454B Regrigerant:
What homeowners need to know about the new eco- friendly AC upgrade
The transition from R-410A to R-454B refrigerant in Canada is part of a broader global effort to reduce greenhouse gas missions, particularly those from hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) which have high global warming potential (GWP).
Here’s what this change means for you:
What is Refrigerant?
Air Conditioner Cooling: The refrigerant absorbs heat from the indoor air in the evaporator, turning into a gas. It then releases this heat outside through the condenser, where it condenses back into a liquid to continue the cycle.
Heat Pump Cooling: Similar to an air conditioner, during warmer months, the heat pump reverses its operation. It absorbs heat from inside the house and releases it outside, thus cooling the indoor environment.
Heat Pump Heating: In colder months, the refrigerant extracts heat from the outdoor air, even
when temperatures are low, in the outdoor unit’s evaporator. This heat is then released inside your home via the indoor unit’s condenser, providing warmth.
Why the Change?
Environmental Impact:
R-454B has a significantly lower GWP (466) compared to R-410A (2,088), making it a more environmentally friendly choice. This shift aligns with Canada’s commitment to the Kigali Amendment of the Montreal Protocol, which aims to phase down HFCs.
Regulatory Compliance:
Canada has regulations in place, like the Ozone-depleting Substances and Halocarbon Alternatives Regulations (ODSHAR), which mandate the use of refrigerants with lower GWPs (Global Warming Potential) in new systems. By January 1, 2025, new systems like air conditioners and heat pumps are restricted to a GWP of 750 or less, and this indirectly encourages the adoption of R-454B.
Types of Refrigerant in the HVAC Industry
- R-410A: A blend of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) known for its efficiency and lack of ozone depletion, although it has a high global warming potential.
- R-22: An older refrigerant (HCFC) now being phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties.
- R-32: An HFC with lower global warming potential than R-410A.
- R-454B: A newer blend with a lower global warming impact, considered for future use in both air conditioners and heat pumps.
What Does This Mean For You?
What does the switch to R-454B refrigerant mean for you and your home.
Increased Cost on your New System: If you’re considering installing a new HVAC system after 2025, you’ll likely encounter systems using R-454B instead of R-410A. Manufacturers are transitioning to this new refrigerant, meaning your new equipment will be more environmentally sustainable. However, because of higher manufacturing costs, systems are expected to rise 20-30% in cost.
Existing Systems: If you already have an HVAC system using R-410A, you don’t need to rush into replacements. There’s no immediate requirement to retrofit existing systems with R-454B.
Servicing and Maintenance: Over time (in 15-20 years), as R-410A becomes less available (in 15-20 years) due to production restrictions, servicing costs might increase. Also, technicians will need to be trained or certified to handle newer, mildly flammable refrigerants like R-454B, which might affect service availability or cost.
Future Considerations:
Eventually, if your system needs a major overhaul or replacement parts become scarce, you might need to switch to a system compatible with newer refrigerants like R-454B.
Safety Considerations: R-454B is classified as an A2L refrigerant, meaning it’s mildly flammable. This classification requires specific safety measures in installation and maintenance, potentially altering some installation practices
or building codes.
Energy Efficiency: New systems with R-454B might offer improved energy efficiency, which could lead to savings on electricity bills.
Long-term Environmental Benefits: By reducing the GWP of refrigerants used in your home or business, you’re contributing to a decrease in overall greenhouse gas
emissions, supporting broader climate change mitigation efforts.
Practical Steps:
Stay Informed: Keep an eye on updates from manufacturers and regulatory changes that might affect the HVAC market in Canada.
Plan for the Future: If your current system is aging, consider the transition timeline in your replacement planning. Consulting with Climate Works can help determine the best strategy for your situation.
Maintenance: Ensure your current system is maintained well to extend its life, potentially delaying the need for an upgrade to a new refrigerant system.
Overall, this transition to R-454B in
Canada is aimed at sustainability but
involves adjustments in terms of cost,
system design, and maintenance
practices for both users and service
providers.
If you have any further questions
regarding the refrigerant change, feel
free to give us a call and we would be
happy to go into more detail with you.
